Introduction Energy is one of the most important resources that modern societies depend on. It powers homes, industries, transportation systems, and technological infrastructure. For many decades, the majority of the world’s energy has come from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. While these sources have supported economic growth and industrial development, they […]

Introduction Modern cities depend heavily on transportation systems to move people from one place to another. Every day, millions of people commute to work, school, or other activities using private vehicles such as cars and motorcycles. While these forms of transportation provide convenience and flexibility, they also contribute significantly to environmental problems such as air […]